International Medical Journal

Abstract : Maternal infant bonding is an emotional maternal-driven process that occurs towards her infant. During postpartum period mothers experience several abrupt changes. Disordered bonding may cause and / or complicate depression, anxiety and stress. The aim of the study is to screen for depression, anxiety, stress, and to determine their correlation with each other and with maternal infant bonding during postpartum period. This study is carried out on 37 mothers from 2nd to 6th month postpartum, attending Basateen Gharb PHC, Cairo, Egypt, for routine follow up visits. The used tools include; Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Perceived Stress Scale -10 (PSS). They screen for maternal bonding disorders, anxiety, depression and stress, respectively. According to PBQ, 48.6 % (n=18) of participants have disordered bonding; EPDS identified that 51.4% (n=19) of participants suffers from a depressive illness of varying severity. PASS scores classified 35.2% of mothers (n=13) to have severe anxiety symptoms. PSS showed that 64.8% (n=24) of participants experienced high stress score. There was correlation between PBQ & PASS, PBQ & EPDS and PBQ & PSS. Strong correlation (p <0.001) was found between PASS and both EPDS and PSS, as well as between EPDS and PSS. Depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms were significantly more prevalent in mothers with disordered bonding. Bonding disorder, depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were quite prevalent in postpartum mothers. This highlights the importance of assessing postnatal women for possible mental health disorders during routine follow up visits..
Full article

Abstract :

The oxidation effects of ionizing radiation are well established and fully understood. However, exposure to very low doses of widely used isotopes may result in minor and hidden oxidative stress in some forms of hemoglobin. This formation alteration regarding the legends of hemoglobin's stereochemical function may play a role in hemoglobin disfunction.  This study was conducted on thirty-two male rabbits (Orycytolagus cuniculus) subdivided into two groups: control and animals exposed to gallium-68 isotope at a similar dose commonly used in diagnostic protocols for humans. Blood samples were collected twice: one after two hours of injection and the other after twelve hours. A linear, four-mathematical-equations matrix based on the Lamber-Beer law was used to measure the concentration of different hemoglobin derivatives. Results revealed a significant elevation of methemoglobin, the oxidized form of hemoglobin, two hours after injection, but this effect is completely reversed after twelve hours. This concludes that even low doses of isotopes result in oxidation of hemoglobin that recovers shortly.

.
Full article

Abstract : Anatomy is a fundamental component of medical and paramedical study. In recent years, technology has presented new opportunities for how anatomy teaching is delivered the nature of supporting resources. Of the various materials used, anatomical videos have become among the most common; they have significantly altered how anatomy education is delivered. However, there is limited research exploring the purpose of using anatomy videos to teach anatomy. Female students attending practical sessions at the medical collages of Najran University were taught anatomy through videos. The student’s academic achievement levels were compared against those students who received anatomy training through traditional methods. The students’ progress was monitored, and particular attention was paid to the progress of those students who were struggling with anatomy. The study into the effect of delivery methods upon academic achievement was run for one semester. Also, qualitative measure of the students’ perceptions of the usefulness of anatomical videos as a learning resource was obtained through a questionnaire. The students’ results obtained from the 2020 academic year, which used anatomical video, was compared against those of students in the 2018 and 2019 years who were taught using conventional methods. The results from the questionnaires indicate that 65% of students reported the anatomical videos to be beneficial to their learning. They found the videos help them understand anatomy better and were useful for revising what had been covered in the practical sessions. The use of videos to teach anatomy is beneficial in supporting the learning of medical and paramedical students. These tools help students learn, as reflected in their academic performance. Based upon our findings, anatomists should include anatomy videos in their teaching programmes..
Full article

Abstract : Presence of proteinuria is considered as an early marker of an increased risk of pro gressive kidney disease. Dipstick urinalysis for proteinuria and hematuria has been used to screen renal disease, but evidence of the clinical impact of this test on development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is lacking. To assess the risk factors and prevalence of proteinuria in asymptomatic women. Descriptive cross-sectional community based study, was conducted in the Taif city. Taif governorate is classified as a category (A) governorate and it consists of 19 administrative centers, of which eight centers are in category (A): Al-Shifa, Al-Hada, Ashira, Al-Sail Al- Kabeer, Al-Atif, Al-Mahani, and Qaya, in addition to the Taif Center. random, four centers were selected, and samples were collected from them, all adults aged above 18 years and residing for at least a year in Taif were included in the study. The study was conducted over a period of three months from February to March 2019. The data was collected by interview-based questionnaire with observation for proteinuria by urine dipstick. Midstream sample urine was collected in clean plastic container. A total of 400 women participants were interviewed. The Std. deviation age of the study participants was1.15250 and nearly have of them (42.8%) their age group between (20-30) years followed by the age group of 41 to 50 years (20.5%), while only 17.8% were from the age group of more than 51years. and about 41% their education level was University or postgraduate education followed by 29.3 % was complete 10 years of regular school and only 19% was Illiterate. The prevalence of proteinuria was 0.4 , Out of the 160 study participants who had proteinuria(40%) .The results showed that lack of exercise was highest risk factures of proteinuria (60.5)% followed by Un Healthy Diet (33.5%) , blood pressure ( 26.8%) , obesity (18%) and high blood sugar was lowest risk factor, all this factious had significant association with proteinuria .In relation to the Distribution of Chronic and none chronic Disease among sample size more than two third of the sample ( 76.2%) have no chronic disease while only (23.8%) had family history of chronic disease , distributed as following : High cholesterol (10.5%) Diabetes (5.8% ) , Hypertension (18%) and (12%) was Insufficient kidney function. [Table 4]. More than half of study sample was eating healthy diet (66.5%) While (33.5%)of the sample does not eat healthy diet, and when asked about the reason, the answers were that I don't feel that I need to change the diet (12.5%) followed by (10.7%)Boredom from selected food and (10.3%) they said I don't have a chance to choose. The prevalence of proteinuria was high in our study population which similar to most study worldwide. exercise, eating un healthy diet, family history, Body mase index (BMI), hypertension and diabetes mellitus, found to be statistically significant risk factors for proteinuria. Understanding the risk factors and implementing screening of at risk populations will increase early detection, initiate treatment of modifiable risk factors for proteinuria, along with appropriate treatment for CKD this will decrease, the economic burden caused by the cost of renal replacement therapy might be mitigated by early detection of CKD risk factors. Further research can help in exploring the strategies that can be recommended in various settings to bring down the rising burden of Chronic kidney disease (CKD)..
Full article

Abstract : The prevalence of chronic venous disease (CVD) ranges between 20-60% and is more common among adults. This wide range may be explained by the different criteria used for patient selection, disease definition, imaging techniques used, and different exposures to risk factors. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of chronic venous disease (CVD) among primary health care attendees in Bahrain as well as risk factors associated with CVD. This is cross-sectional study that was carried out on 415 participants >8 years old attending primary health centers in the Kingdom of Bahrain during the study period from 1st June to 15th June 2015. A Multistage stratified sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. A random selection of nine health centers from five health region in the Kingdom of Bahrain was conducted. Candidate selection from each health center was done using systematic random sampling. The number of candidates in each health center was selected proportionally according to the catchment area in each governorate. Analyses were performed using univariate statistics. The study enrolled a total of 415 participants with an overall mean age of 41±14 years ranging from 18 to 84 years and 62% (n=343) were female. The prevalence of participants with CVD was 27%. CVD was associated with older age (47 vs 39 years; p<0.001), females (81% vs 57%; p<0.001), obese (84 vs 77 kg; p<0.001), family (mother/father) history of venous leg problems (43% vs 14%; p<0.001), those that did less exercise (21% vs 40%; p<0.001), multiparty (4.0 vs 2.6; p<0.001), and menopause (44% vs 16%; p<0.001). CVD was also associated with heavy legs (72% vs 14%; p<0.001), pain in the legs (83% vs 27%; p<0.001), sensation of swelling (59% vs 4.6%; p<0.001), sensation of burning (38% vs 10%; p<0.001), night cramps (56% vs 9.6%; p<0.001), itching (26% vs 4.6%; p<0.001) and sensation of pins/needles (49% vs 6.3%; p<0.001). A significant proportion of the participants (27%) had chronic venous disease underlining the importance of adequate and early screening for CVD as well as early referral to specialist physicians..
Full article