Abstract : Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a global health concern with rising prevalence. Hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance are characteristic of DM, which includes Type 1, Type 2, gestational diabetes, and other subtypes. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form. T2DM is associated with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. This study investigates hematological and platelet characteristics in T2DM patients with and without retinopathy, exploring potential systemic effects beyond ocular symptoms. This study compared hematological and platelet characteristics in T2DM patients with and without retinopathy to understand potential systemic hematological changes associated with retinopathy in T2DM. A cross-sectional study was conducted at DRMLIMS tertiary care hospital from April 2019 to August 2020. 300 participants with Type 2 diabetes and retinopathy were included based on a questionnaire. Data on demographics, symptoms, diabetes duration, and medication were collected. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for Hematological Parameters and Platelet Morphological Parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0. Among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and retinopathy, total leukocyte count (TLC) was higher (p<0.001), while platelet morphological parameters (MPV, PDW, and P-LCR) were significantly elevated (p<0.05). MPV and PDW showed a significant association with retinopathy grade (p<0.001). MPV and PDW were associated with HbA1c levels (p<0.001). Our study emphasizes measuring hematological and platelet parameters in individuals with and without retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. These markers show potential for indicating retinopathy and require further research for better understanding and management.