Vol - 28, Issue - 09
About the Journal
[This article belongs to Volume - 28, Issue - 09]
International Medical Journal
Journal ID : IMJ-11-09-2021-928
Total View : 437

Abstract : The current Corona virus disease pandemic (COVID 19) has had a wide-ranging social and economic impact throughout the world. COVID-19 can produce a variety of symptoms ranging from moderate to severe. Hyperactivation of the immune system, particularly the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6), might be a significant factor in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related severe illness. The World Health Organization (WHO) has approved the use of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockers — tocilizumab and sarilumab — as part of COVID-19 management protocol based on meta-analysis of 27 clinical trials for this drug conducted on 10,000 patients. second drug ever recommended by WHO for COVID-19, will remain unaffordable and inaccessible for most of the world. Around 60 articles were reviewed from the databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Google scholar using the key words – SARS CoV 2, cytokine storms, Interleukin, immunomodulators and tocilizumab. Relevant 33 articles were considered for this review. There are no clinical trial results to back up any preventive treatment. There are now over 300 active clinical therapy studies. Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a human monoclonal antibody that competitively inhibits the binding of interleukin-6 (IL-6) to its receptor (IL-6R). It is used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Next to dexamethasone, WHO recommended drug for cytokine storm in COVID 19 patients was tocilizumab. Early reports of tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19 patients showed promising results, but little sample sizes questioned their dependability. Treatment with tocilizumab also reported to have favorable changes on CT findings, CRP and IL levels. In contrast, another study has shown administration of tocilizumab did not significantly affect the ICU admission or 7-day mortality rate when compared with the control group. No therapy is approved for COVID-19 pneumonia. Though adverse events have been associated with tocilizumab usage, no conclusive evidence suggests that these were directly attributed to tocilizumab therapy. Also with this available limited data, it could not be assured that tocilizumab has additional benefits on severe COVID affected cases.

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