Abstract : The emergence of laparoscopic procedures has revolutionised gastrointestinal surgery in recent years. The innovative nature of this operation has been compared to surgical milestones like the creation of vascular surgery and organ transplantation. In our study, we have compared the advantages and drawbacks of open (OC) and laparpscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The study was conducted on 100 patients admitted with cholelithiasis within the age group of 18-70yrs and were divided into two groups of 50 each by convenient sampling technique group-1 open cholecystectomy and group-2 laparoscopic cholecystectomy were assessed based on intraop bleeding, duration of surgery, hospital stay, Post-operative pain score, scar cosmesis. The observations were Mean duration of surgery for LC (69.80 min) was lower than OC (157.90 min). Intraop bleeding was lower in LC (24.40 ml) than OC (119.20 ml). Post-op pain score for OC (4.22) was higher than LC (1.02). Mean hospital stay in days for OC (7.88) higher when compared to LC (2.18). Mean duration to resume activity (days) following OC (14.12 days) surgery was higher than LC (4.02 days). Overall scar cosmesis was higher in LC in comparison with OC and difference was statistically significant (p=0.00). We conclude that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and appropriate alternative to open cholecystectomy. Surgeons have a distinct learning curve, and the rate of complications decreases as they get more comfortable with the surgery. When compared to open cholecystectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has less intraop bleeding, intraop and postoperative complications, less duration of surgery, postoperative pain, and better scar cosmesis. As a result, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard for cholelithiasis treatment.