Abstract : Indonesia is one of countries with the largest number of new tuberculosis (TB) cases in the world, ranking 2nd out of 30 countries after India which has a high burden for TB cases in 2017. The problem encountered in TB treatment is the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antituberculosis’s drugs. This study aims to determine the correlation between drug consumption adherence with MDR TB cases and to determine the risk factors (patient adherence in taking medication) on MDR TB cases. This research is a type of observational study with a descriptive analytic method and a case control study design using a questionnaire filled out by TB and MDR TB patients at community public health in Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Indonesia. Total sampling technique was used for collecting data in the case group, whereas the data from the control group were collected using purposive sampling technique. There were 36 patients which were appointed as sample in this study, consisted of 18 TB patients and 18 MDR TB patients. The results revealed that statistical tests obtained p-value <0.05, namely 0.003 with an OR value of 9.1 (95% CI 1.99-41.44). It means that there is a significant relationship between adherence to drug consumption with the incidence of MDR TB. Patients who do not adhere to drug consumption have 9.1 times risk of suffering from MDR TB compared to patients who are adhere to drug consumption.