Abstract : Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition that affects millions of women worldwide. It is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, most commonly on the ovaries, pelvic peritoneum, and intestines. Despite intensive research, the exact etiology of endometriosis remains unclear, although there are several theories regarding its causes, including the transplantation theory, metastatic endometriosis theory, metaplasia theory and induction theory. The symptoms of endometriosis are varied and include chronic pelvic pain, painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea), pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia), and fertility problems. It is a disease that causes chronic inflammation, affecting not only the reproductive system but also other systems in the body. Endometriosis leads to systemic inflammation, metabolic disorders, and changes in the nervous system. The gold standard for diagnosis remains laparoscopy, although new imaging techniques, such as MRI, are increasingly being used. The treatment of endometriosis includes pharmacological, surgical, and supportive approaches. Pharmacological treatment focuses on relieving pain and inhibiting the growth of endometrial tissue using painkillers and hormonal therapies such as oral contraceptives, progestins, and GnRH agonists. Surgical treatment may involve laparoscopic removal or destruction of endometrial lesions. Despite the available therapies, endometriosis often recurs, which necessitates long-term disease management. The discussed studies indicate a clear correlation between endometriosis and the development of systemic inflammation, changes in the microbiome, and an increased risk of depression. A thorough examination of this issue will lead to a better understanding of the nature of endometriosis and enable the discovery of new treatment strategies.