Abstract : The purpose of the study was to investigate the immune response in patients with recurrent pyelonephritis depending on the presence of hyperoxaluria.The observational cross-sectional study involved 64 women with recurrent pyelonephritis. The patients’ immune response was evaluated by determination of serum concentrations of interleukins (IL) -4, -17, -18, -23, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). Depending on the presence of hyperoxaluria (urinary oxalate excretion was more than 0.45 mmol per day), the patients were allocated into 2 groups: the women with hyperoxaluria were included to group I (n = 35) and the patients with normal levels of oxalate excretion were included to group II (n = 29). The control group consisted of 25 practically healthy donors.The mean age in the patient population was 31.6 ± 7.7. The average number of pyelonephritis recurrence was 6.4 ± 1.9 per year. We identified a moderate direct correlation between the levels of the urinary oxalate excretion and the number of pyelonephritis recurrences per year (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001) and the inverse strong correlation between oxaluria and GFR level (r = 0.75, p < 0.0001). The patients with hyperoxaluria had increased synthesis of the blood concentration of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL -4, -17 and 23. Our results have provided preliminary evidence that hyperoxaluria is associated with increased serum levels of IL-4, -17, -23, MCP-1 and TNF-α. The larger-scale studies are needed for further confirmation of our findings