Abstract : Non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOC) involve cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), and cleft palate only (CPO) are the common congenital disabilities affecting humans. The accumulating research suggests that non-coding RNA molecules like microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in NSOC. MiRNAs regulate the expression of the target genes post-transcriptionally. They are widely involved in craniofacial defects, and any alterations in the miRNA functions might play a role in causing these defects. This review aims to describe the current understanding of miRNAs as the mediators of the NSOC. A literature search was made using PubMed and Scopus databases for studies involving miRNAs in the CL/P and CPO conditions. Original articles in the last ten years involving both human and animal models were included. Literature search retrieved a total of 123 hits, among which 46 studies matched our inclusion criteria. About the numerous works of literature, there is a strong correlation of miRNA with the various pathological conditions occurring in NSOC. Our review provides deep insights into the roles of multiple miRNAs and their gene targets in contributing to the development of NSOC. There is considerable evidence suggesting the employment of miRNAs as the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for NSOC. However, multitudinous studies must confirm their functional role and validate them as reliable biomarkers in craniofacial pathologies.