Abstract : The objective of this work was to take stock of mature benign dysembryomas of the ovary in Gabon. This was a retrospective study of the records of patients operated on for benign mature ovarian dysembryomas over a period of ten years (January 2002 to December 2011) in the Pathological Anatomy laboratories of the Faculty of Medicine. Owendo and the Army Training Hospital. Oophorectomy specimens with or without total hysterectomy were fixed with 10% buffered formalin or Bouin's fluid. After application of conventional histopathology techniques, the histological study was carried out by the pathologist. Mature benign ovarian dysembryomas in Gabon constituted 19% of the ovarian tumor population from January 2002 to December 2011. They affected women of all ages, especially those 25 to 40 years old, married or single. Gabonese made up the bulk of the sample, the most affected being the Fang, Nzébis and Punus populations. Tumors were found indifferently on the left and right and their expression was dominated by pelvic pain. the capital time of the orientation of the diagnosis. The latter was always postoperative after pathological examination. The tumors were of variable size and weight, and contained pilosebaceous material in the majority of cases. They were most often derived from the ectodermal embryonic leaflet. Mature benign dysembryomas of the ovary are frequent in Gabon, it is necessary to formally establish their diagnosis. This multidisciplinary approach is mandatory in order to avoid possible complications, especially in the event of the development of malignant lesions.