Abstract : Diabetes mellitus is a pervasive chronic ailment, necessitating effective management strategies centered on patient awareness and self-care behaviors. This study endeavors to examine self-care behaviors and patient involvement in the management of diabetes mellitus in the Bahrain region. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted, encompassing patients seeking care at primary healthcare centers in Bahrain. The study focused on individuals aged 40 to 64 years, diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. It assessed their comprehension of metabolic control, the implementation of diabetes awareness, and their willingness to engage in decision-making pertinent to its management. Data analysis was conducted utilizing R software version 4.1.0 and Excel, with statistical significance established at p≤0.05. The study encompassed 449 patients, characterized by diverse demographic and medical attributes, with an average age of 56.1±6.8 years. Among the participants, 246 were females (55.5%) and 201 were males (44.5%). A notable majority of the cohort were concurrently undergoing treatment with hypoglycemic drugs and insulin therapy (52.34%). Interestingly, a substantial proportion of patients expressed a preference for shared responsibility with their healthcare provider regarding their treatment plan, both in cases of controlled (38.75%) and uncontrolled (26.28%) HbA1c levels. An association was observed between the occurrence of uncontrolled HbA1c levels and patients' knowledge levels (p=0.0078). This study underscores the significance of fostering awareness regarding self-care behaviors in the management of diabetes mellitus, encompassing exercise, dietary regimens, medication adherence, and regular monitoring of vital parameters. Such awareness plays a pivotal role in enhancing disease control and management within the Bahrainian populace.