Abstract : Low birth weight is a leading perinatal problem world-wide, and may account for a sizable percentage of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Periodontal diseases are considered one of the most widespread diseases amongst humans. This study sought to determine the association between periodontal disease in pregnancy and the delivery of low birth weight newborns in women of District Multan. This casecontrol study involved 348 new mothers. All subjects were recruited post-delivery from three public hospitals in the District Multan. The cases (n=119) were mothers who delivered through normal delivery and whose babies at the time of delivery weighed <2.5 kg. Age-matched controls (n=229) were mothers who delivered ~2.5 kg babies. Potential risk factors for periodontal disease and low birth weight were collected by means of a structured questionnaire and maternity record review. Periodontal disease was diagnosed in 37.9%> (n=45) of the case group and 9.2% (n=21) of the control group. Low birth weight was also significantly more common among those who were unemployed, and those who reported fewer than three antenatal visits during pregnancy. After controlling for potential confounders, mothers presenting with a probing depth of~ 4 mm on four teeth (OR = 4.12; 95% Cl = 1. 78 - 9.50) or more than four teeth (OR = 4.95; 95%> Cl: 1.52 - 15.81) were found to be significantly more likely to have low birth weight babies. The study findings suggest that there is a significant dose-dependent positive association between periodontal disease and low birth weight, independent of other risk factors measured in this study