Abstract : Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is the most frequent disease in elderly men, but the exact pathogenic mechanism of the disease is still largely unknown. The etiology of infection that induces inflammation plays an important role in the pathomechanisms of BPH. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a microorganism that is often found in prostate tissues. We investigate the frequency of P. acnes and its relationship with prostate inflammation in patients with BPH. Cross-sectional research was conducted in several hospitals in Indonesia. A total of 50 BPH patients undergoes the procedure of transurethral resection of the prostate, DNA examination of P.acnes with Multiplex Touchdown PCR, and the examination of IL-6 and IL-8 by ELISA. Of the 50 patients underwent the examination of the PCR, 14 (28%) were positive P. acnes and 36 (72%) were negative P. acnes. Histopathological examination results revealed that all patients with BPH and prostatitis (100%) show the increasing level of IL-6 with an average of 490.5 ± 242.2 pg/ml while the level of IL-8 had an average of 118.3 ± 50.4 pg/ml. With statistical tests, it was obtained that there was a significant association between P. acnes and the increased level of IL-6 and IL-8. The present study provides further evidence for the role of P.acnes in prostate inflammation. P. acnes can be a contributing agent by triggering cell proliferation