Abstract : <p>Fructose accounts for 25% of sugar intake. The prevalence of obesity in the U.S. has also increased. High fructose diet leads to hepatic steatosis. Intestinal microbiota influences obesity. The aim of this review article is to elucidate the pathogenesis of obesity in fructose induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The study included 42 articles published in the last 20 years searched in Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Pubmed Central, Uptodate and Medline. Review articles were 14, original research articles involving human beings and animals were 16 and 12 respectively. This article did not require ethics approval. Fructose poses high risk for hepatic steatosis. Endotoxemia increased intestinal permeability. Altered lipid and amino acid metabolism lead to liver injury aggravated by dietary low copper. Fructose induced dysbiosis leading to fatty liver. Probiotics and preobiotics have an impact on the gut microbiota; thus improving liver function and decreasing obesity.</p>