Abstract : Lupus nephritis (LN) is diagnosed by presence of proteinuria (0.5g per day or a dipstick score of > 3+) or red cell casts on microscopic urine analysis. Assessing histological severity and chronic lesions in LN is by renal biopsy. However, it is invasive and repeated biopsies are needed in monitoring treatment of LN. Therefore, new biomarkers for early diagnosis of lupus renal disease have to be searched. To evaluate urinary platelet factor4 (PF4) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) as early markers of lupus nephritis. 120 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were involved and classified into 3 main groups; group I included 40 patients with inactive SLE, group II included 40 patients with active SLE without lupus nephritis and group III included 40 patients with active SLE with lupus nephritis. All patients were submitted to; urine analysis, complete blood count, fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, liver function tests, serum complement 3, antinuclear antibody, anti-double stranded DNA level and urinary PF4 and VCAM-1 levels assays. Urinary PF4 and VCAM-1 levels were significantly higher in lupus nephritis group than in the other two groups. The cutoff value of PF4 in prediction of active lupus with nephritis is ≥7.93pg/ng with sensitivity 100% and specificity 90.5% and that of VCAM-1 is ≥783pg/ng with sensitivity 100% and specificity 93.8%. Urinary platelet factor 4 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 can serve as early markers for identifying LN