Abstract : Patients express high anxiety before undergoing any surgery due to fear of anesthesia and its implications. Considering this, the study aims to provide insights about patients’ fears related to anesthesia. It also identifies the causes that instill anesthesia-fear. A cross-sectional design was used where data was collected from 3285 individuals through a survey questionnaire. The findings indicate that the majority of the individuals were afraid of both surgery and anesthesia (43.1%). Top causes of fears were related to medical errors (56.7%), the untrained anesthesiologist (53.2%) and fear related to death (38%). It concludes that medical errors serve as a primary fear-inducing factor for anesthesia in surgical treatments.
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Abstract : The purpose of this systematic review is to compare the safety and efficacy of the cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil in patients with diabetes and renal failure. There is no work we found that compares the safety and efficacy of cyclosporine and mycophenolate in diabetic and renal failure patients. The search was limited from 1983 to 2017 and articles must be in English. Articles searched from various resources and are evaluated using PRISMA. 25 articles picked and screened at the end of 12 articles included in the study. The result shows that the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine is affected by the renal failure and diabetes and mycophenolate did not show much variation in pharmacokinetics. The safety of mycophenolate in renal patients in terms of serum Creatinine is more than the cyclosporine and shifting of the patient from cyclosporine to mycophenolate shows better results. It is concluded that mycophenolate is more safe and efficacious than cyclosporine in diabetic patients with renal failure.
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Abstract : Irritable Bowel Disease and diabetes are common in pregnancy. This systematic review aims to identify drugs that can be safely used in this condition to control the disease and induce remission while not causing harm to the fetus. This review will also provide updates and serve as a guide for safe prescribing of such treatments. A total number of 20 articles that met the study criteria were chosen and analyzed using PRISMA guidelines. GRACE guidelines were used for quality assessment. Primary database; PubMed, clinical key, google scholar were used for data search. Certain drugs used in IBD are strongly associated with incidence of birth defects as well as poor pregnancy outcomes. Few data on the use of other antidiabetic in pregnancy apart from metformin, glyburide insulin was found. Though a few were associated with an increased incidence of IBD in diabetes. This study focuses on drugs belonging to FDA categories B and C. The findings indicate that Insulin, Glyburide and metformin are safe for use in pregnancy, ASA, Biologics and immunomodulators are considered safe for use in pregnancy. Disease control prior to conception is also necessary to prevent complications and improve pregnancy outcomes.
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Abstract : Pacifier usage in paediatric age group, especially during the infancy stage, is common. The practice is widespread as it soothes the child and further supported by the fact that, it may relieve the pain and reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Acute fatal complications are rare, but chronic complications are common. Fatal, life-threatening sequelae includes upper airway obstruction. We report a case of fatal upper airway obstruction due to pacifier in a 16-month-old baby boy. Early emergency airway management is crucial at the pre-hospital level as delays in securing a patent airway will end up with hypoxia and respiratory arrest. Failure to anticipate and initiate appropriate early interventions contribute to preventable death. Hence, it is recommended that appropriate acute airway management includes surgical airway at primary care should be taught regularly to ensure that all emergency health care providers are competent in managing airway obstruction. We want to suggest that pacifiers use in child nursery without closed supervision from baby sitter shall be prohibited.
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Abstract : Viral infection and immunological changes could affect the common pathophysiological presentations of Plasmodium infection. This work was therefore designed to determine pattern of viral seromarkers and evidence adaptive immune response in patients infected with Plasmodium spp. in Nigeria. 150 Plasmodium infected patients aged 9-72 years who have not initiated treatment and 100 age matched nonPlasmodium infected subjects were recruited and studied as test and control subject respectively. Parasite density was determined using standard method while Ag-Ab HIV, Anti-HCV, HBsAg, Plasma IgM and IgG were determined in all the subjects serologically by ELISA. The result obtained showed sero-viral status of 3.3% (2) anti-HCV, 16.7% (15) HBsAg and 0% Ag-AbHIV including no evidence of viral confection with another virus. There was a significant decrease in the IgM plasma value in the test subjects with increase in Plasmodium parasitemia with p<0.05. There was a significant increase in IgG in the test subjects with increase in Plasmodium parasetemia with p<0.05. There was also a significantly higher plasma IgM and IgG in the test subjects than the control subjects with p<0.05. The frequency of Plasmodium infection also decreased with increase in parasite density. This work revealed viral seromarker of 3.3% (2) anti-HCV, 16.7% (15) HBsAg and 0% Ag-Ab HIV including evidence of adaptive immune response manifested by significant increase in IgG and decrease in IgM with increase in Plasmodium parasitemia while the frequency of Plasmodium infection decreases with increase in parasite density.
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