Abstract : Typhoid fever is a infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi (S.typhi), and is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity of deaths worldwide. New antibacterial sources can be obtained from bioactive compounds contained in a plant, one of which is from the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii contains bioactive compounds that have the potential to be antibacterial, antifungal, anti-protozoa, antiviral, antifertility, and medicinal substances that affect the cardiovascular system, and have bioactive potential as antioxidants, and also contain phenolic compounds. This study aims to prove that the Thalassia hemprichii extract influences the Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression in the BALB/c mice when administered with the Thalassia hemprichii extract, before and after injected with S. typhi. The mRNA extraction uses the guanidium thiocyanate (GuSCn) and the examination of TLR4 mRNA expression by the Realtime PCR. The results of this study revealed that there was an influence of the Thalassia hemprichii extract on TLR4 mRNA expression on the BALB/c mice both in before and after injected with S. typhi.
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Abstract : Malaria is a contagious disease caused by Plasmodium through the bite of Anopheles sp. It is spread throughout the world, including both tropics and subtropical countries. This study was dedicated to determine the best model for predicting the prevalence of Malaria in Sulawesi Tenggara. Population and sample were Malaria case data in the Sulawesi Tenggara province from 2014 to 2019. The best model for the prediction is ARIMA (1,0,0)(0,0,2)12. The prediction indicated there would be an increase in the number of prevalence over the next two years, with a MAPE value of 14.09%.
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Abstract : Chronic laryngitis caused by fungal infection is rare. In immunocompromised patients such as severe diabetes mellitus, patients on long term steroid therapy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection; systemic fungal infections are well known. Candidiasis of the esophagus and larynx are well reported worldwide but very few reports on primary infection of the larynx by dermatophytes genus of Trichophyton. Fungal laryngitis can mimic the presentation of malignancy or tuberculosis of the larynx. In this case report, we described an HIV patient who presented with chronic odynophagia in which the laryngoscopic examination revealed a fungating mass. Tissue biopsy taken and histology showed no malignancy but mycology study successfully cultured Trichophyton violaceum. He responded well to intravenous fluconazole treatment and recovered fully.
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Abstract : With modern fracture management techniques, there is the possibility of anatomic acetabular fracture, the risk of post-traumatic arthritis, and the need for hip arthroplasty. few studies have evaluated outcomes of postponed total hip arthroplasty in acetabular fracture patients. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the total hip arthroplasty in patients previously treated with internal fixation, to pay more attention to the details of this type of surgery and to minimize surgical complications. In this prospective study 20 patients with secondary degenerative joint disease (DJD) or avascular necrosis (AVN) following Internal Fixation surgery of Acetabular fracture, were enrolled. All subjects underwent a second surgery of Total Hip Arthroplasty during 2010-2013 in Imam Hossein Hospital. The patients were followed up every 6 months. Surgical outcome was measured on the basis of Harris criteria in addition to xray studies aimed to assess loosening and heterotopic ossification. 20 patients were involved in our study who had previously undergone surgery due to acetabular fracture. The mean age at the time of surgery was 28.3 ± 0.97 years. Vehicle accidents were the most common mechanism of injury in these patients and most patients suffered from Pos. Column fracture, on average after 0.25± 4.9 years’ patients became candidate for hip replacement surgery due to severe DJD. The patients were followed for a mean duration of 2.85 ± 0.22 years in which surgical complications occurred in two cases; infection was diagnosed in one while the other experienced hematoma. When evaluating the patients based on Harris criteria, most patients had an excellent outcome while a poor outcome was reported in none of the cases. According to our results, hip arthroplasty is an appropriate approach in the treatment of secondary DJD and AVN. It can even lead to optimal results in young patients.
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Abstract : Inter-trochanteric fractures are commonly reported, which are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Most of these fractures are unstable and require fixation. Dynamic hip screw (DHS) and Proximal Femur Nailing (PFN) have been widely accepted for this purpose, but they have always had numerous complications. There are conflicting results regarding the advantage of one of these two methods over the other. The aim of this study is to compare PFN with DSH insertion to treat intertrochanteric fracture. This double-blind clinical trial study was performed on 38 patients undergoing intertrochanteric fracture in ValiAsr hospital of Arak. We divided patients in 2 groups including proximal femoral nailing and dynamic hip screw. We check wound healing by clinical observation (2, 5 and 15 hours after surgery) and emboli (3 weeks after surgery). We recorded fracture improvement by Radiological examination after 15 days, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Mortality rate was recorded 6 months after surgery and lower limb movement 5 months after surgery. Data was analyzed by SPSS software 20. Duration of admission, mortality, fracture improvement (1 year after surgery) and lower limb movement were not found to be significantly different among two group (p>0.05). Duration of suture removal was shorter in DHS surgery group (p=0.012). Furthermore, wound healing in second day after surgery were not significantly different in two groups (p=0.348). In the PFN group, wound healing was found to be better (p=0.002). Our findings indicated that wound healing was better on the fifth day after surgery in the PFN group. In addition, the duration of suturing was longer in the DHS surgery group.
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