Abstract : Pressure ulcers have been identified as a major burden of hospitalization worldwide, it causes much inconvenience, soreness, illness for a while, set in hospital for long time, and raise costs of nursing. Nurses and other health care providers have the biggest duty toward this problem; it has concluded and has become a fact, that the amount of awareness and positive attitude of nurses are main factors that could affect Pressure ulcers prevention. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to assess the effect of nurse's awareness of Pressure ulcers. The subject of this study comprised of the chosen number of staff nurses who met the following criteria: Both gender, one year of experience or more, working at high risk unit for PU. The researcher was elected (248) nurses who was chosen in patient units at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The findings showed that nurses had a high level of knowledge, neutral level of attitudes, and a high level of practice. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude, nurses’ attitude and practice. Additionally, there was a non-significant negative relationship between knowledge and practice regarding pressure ulcer Prevention. The result emphasized that there is effect of awareness level on the practice regard the pressure ulcer prevention.The researcher recommended the nurses need further training program about the pressure ulcer prevention strategies in order to develop their practice. Furthermore, the nurses must promote their positive attitudes and advance their practices.
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Abstract : Antioxidant phlorotannins are the high-value biopolymer in brown algae. The paper focused on the impact of cobalt-60 irradiation on phlorotannin content and antioxidant activities of brown algae Sargassum serratum commonly found growing in the tropical marine area of South Center, Vietnam. The irradiation dose (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 kGy) and techniques (dry-and wet-irradiation) was studied. The results showed the various cobalt-60 irradiation of doses and techniques affected phlorotannin content and antioxidant activities (p<0.05) that changed according to the non-linear equation and close correlation (R2 > 0.9). Phlorotannin content was the highest at an irradiation dose of 5 kGy. Total antioxidant, reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the species got the highest value at an irradiation dose of 25 kGy, corresponded to 0.827 ± 0.019 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g DW, 0.273 ± 0.006 mg FeSO4 equivalent/g DW and 70.27 ± 1.85%, respectively. The impact of wet irradiation techniques on antioxidant phlorotannins were stronger, compared to dry irradiation techniques.
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Abstract : In 2013, Asia-Pacific leaders formed Malaria Alliance (APLMA) and declared goal of regional malaria elimination by 2030. Plasmodium vivax is the predominant malaria species in Asia-Pacific, and accounts for >80% of the global burden. Strategies aimed for P. falciparum may not give impact for the elimination of P. vivax as it is not targeting the parasite liver stage. Primaquine remains the only drug that has the ability of killing parasite in the liver. World Health Organization recommended that primaquine should be given over 14 days, thus an observational study in Papua, Indonesia, found that the compliance to unsupervised PQ was estimated to be only 12%. Single dose of tafenaquine as radical treatment sounds promising, however it also poses Glucose-6-phosphate deficiency individuals to the risk of hemolysis, and determine the G6PD status prior to prescribing the drug is crucial. In this paper, we will review several challenges in achieving P. vivax elimination, especially in the Asia-Pacific.
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Abstract : The case was found first as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), based on clinical sign and peripheral blood morphology, but later showed signs of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A 35-years-old patient came to the hospital emergency room for the first time, complained of abdomen enlargement since a few months ago. Physical examination showed conjunctival anemia and splenomegaly equal with Schuffner 6, but no lymphadenopathy was found. Laboratory test showed normocytic normochromic anemia, severe leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and increased of reticulocytes. Bone marrow puncture (BMP) results were hypercellular, increased granulopoeisis activity, decreased erythropoeisis and megakaryopoeisis, with lymphoblasts were 24% and myeloblasts were 1%. Sokal score calculation was obtained 5.83, classified as high risk of CML. A flowcytometry test found positive of  CD34, CD19, and CD 79a and lead diagnosis to B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). The case showed the condition of CML transformed into ALL which obscured the initial diagnosis of CML.
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Abstract : The purpose of the study was to investigate the immune response in patients with recurrent pyelonephritis depending on the presence of hyperoxaluria.The observational cross-sectional study involved 64 women with recurrent pyelonephritis. The patients’ immune response was evaluated by determination of serum concentrations of interleukins (IL) -4, -17, -18, -23, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). Depending on the presence of hyperoxaluria (urinary oxalate excretion was more than 0.45 mmol per day), the patients were allocated into 2 groups: the women with hyperoxaluria were included to group I (n = 35) and the patients with normal levels of oxalate excretion were included to group II (n = 29). The control group consisted of 25 practically healthy donors.The mean age in the patient population was 31.6 ± 7.7. The average number of pyelonephritis recurrence was 6.4 ± 1.9 per year. We identified a moderate direct correlation between the levels of the urinary oxalate excretion and the number of pyelonephritis recurrences per year (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001) and the inverse strong correlation between oxaluria and GFR level (r = 0.75, p < 0.0001). The patients with hyperoxaluria had increased synthesis of the blood concentration of TNF-α, MCP-1, IL -4, -17 and 23. Our results have provided preliminary evidence that hyperoxaluria is associated with increased serum levels of IL-4, -17, -23, MCP-1 and TNF-α. The larger-scale studies are needed for further confirmation of our findings.
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