International Medical Journal (ISSN:13412051)

Aim and Scope

Aim-

International Medical Journal ISSN: (13412051) is an international open-access journal publishes twelve times each year. The "International Medical Journal" is a peer-reviewed, monthly, online international research journal, which publishes original articles, research articles, review articles with top-level work from all areas of Medical Science Research and their application including Aetiology, bioengineering, biomedicine, cardiology, chiropody, ENT etc. Researchers in all Medical Science and Pharmacy fields are encouraged to contribute articles based on recent research. Journal publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field of Medical Science and Pharmacy Research, and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. International Medical Journal journal covers almost all disciplines of Medical Science and Pharmacy. Researchers and students of M.B.B.S, M.D., D.T.C.D., GYNE., M.S., M.Pharma, And PhD are requested to send their original research articles to International Medical Journal. Changjiang Liuyu Ziyuan Yu Huanjing/Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Valley Shenyang Jianzhu Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University (Natural Science) General Medicine (ISSN:1311-1817) Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine Zhongguo yi liao qi xie za zhi = Chinese journal of medical instrumentation Lizi Jiaohuan Yu Xifu/Ion Exchange and Adsorption

Scope-

International Medical Journal ISSN: (13412051) is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal seeks to publish original research articles that are hypothetical and theoretical in its nature and that provide exploratory insights in the following fields but not limited to:

Anatomy Physiology Biochemistry Pharmacology
Pathology Forensic medicine Microbiology Community Medicine
Otorhinolaryngology Internal Medicine General Surgery Obstetrics and Gynecology
Radiology Pulmonary Medicine Dermatology and Venereal diseases Infectious Diseases
Anaesthesia Cancer research Neurosurgery Orthopedics

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Latest Journals
International Medical Journal
Journal ID : IMJ-11-04-2020-408
Total View : 185
Title : Medicines’ availability and affordability for non-communicable diseases in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstract : Availability and affordability of essential medicines for chronic diseases in low- and middle-income countries both in the public and private sectors were considered low. This study aimed to evaluate medicines availability for non-communicable diseases (diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease), as well as to explore prices and the affordability of those drugs. Survey methodology was based on World Health Organization and Health Action International Manual (WHO/HAI). The survey was conducted in 24 health facilities randomly selected based on the representative for public and private health facilities. Chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, and twelve key medicines were identified and investigated. A high availability (>80%) of the medicines for diabetes was seen in the survey. Metformin had the highest availability among all medicines (100%). Captopril had the highest availability (87.50%) among hypertension medicines while propranolol had the lowest (66.67%). For cardiovascular medicines, a quite low availability (50-80%) was seen where simvastatin had the highest availability (62.50%) and Isosorbid dinitrate had the lowest (50%). The prices of 8 medicines were higher than IRP of the particular medicine. It means that the prices of theses medicines in most health facilities were expensive and not efficient. Less than ten day’s wages were required to buy a month’s supply of all medicines observed in this study. Over all availability of NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease) medicines was suboptimal. Procurement price for most medicines surveyed was not efficient. All medicines surveyed are generally affordable to the lowest income community in the country. The relatively low availability and high MPR of NCDs medicines in health facilities of is a concern to make regulations to ensure availability and affordability of essential medicines in Indonesia. These policies are also important in the era of universal health coverage.
Full article
International Medical Journal
Journal ID : IMJ-10-04-2020-407
Total View : 164
Title : The indirect cost associated with premature death of cancer attributable to secondhand smoke in Indonesia
Abstract : Cancer due to secondhand smoke has an economic impact on society. One important element of this economic impact is the indirect cost associated with premature death (ICPD) of cancer due to secondhand smoke in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimating the indirect cost associated with premature death (ICPD) of cancer due to secondhand smoke in Indonesia. Epidemiological study using prevalence based is conducted. Estimation of ICPD of cancer due to secondhand smoke in Indonesia was conducted by multiplying smoking attributable cancer mortality with life expectancy and the average income. Life expectancy of Indonesian was taken from the WHO data Life Tables year 2016, while the average income of Indonesian population per gender was retrieved from National Statistics Bureau 2018. Total indirect cost associated with premature death (ICPD) of cancer related to secondhand smoke was IDR 1,832 trillion. ICPD of cancer due to secondhand smoking on male (IDR 1,270 trillion) was greater than ICPD of cancer due to secondhand smoking on female (IDR 562,101 million). Estimation the burden of cancer related to secondhand smoke helps the government in determining health programs and to reduce the burden of cancer related to secondhand smoke in Indonesia.
Full article
International Medical Journal
Journal ID : IMJ-09-04-2020-406
Total View : 146
Title : Changes in provision of primary care in Kazakhstan following implementation of national healthcare programs
Abstract : Over the past decades of years’ general practitioners (GPs) became the front men of health care provision in Kazakhstan. The country’s government is committed to increasing availability of GPs with a focus on teaching of critically thinking professionals capable to maintain the level of care envisaged by international standards. This study aimed at provision of descriptive analysis on distribution of GPs in South Kazakhstan region in comparison with the whole country and to describe the basic health indicators in relation to the manpower available. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study, which was based on the data obtained from the Registry of medical manpower established by the Observatory of manpower resources in health care. There was an insignificant variation in the proportion of GPs out of all medical professionals between South Kazakhstan region and the whole country. Regionally, the supply of GPs grew abruptly from 4.76 per 10,000 populations in 2015 to 7.37 per 10,000 populations in 2016. This growth was also established at the national level and ranged from 4.56 per 10,000 populations in 2015 to 4.72 per 10,000 populations in 2016. In response to increasing supply of GPs, the decreasing rates of all-cause mortality, declining numbers of heart and infant deaths were observed both regionally and nationally. Increasing GPs supply is generally associated with many favorable outcomes related to population health. There is a need to conduct longitudinal studies in order to reveal effects produced by increased GPs supply on health indicators of Kazakhstani population.
Full article
International Medical Journal
Journal ID : IMJ-09-04-2020-405
Total View : 131
Title : Prevalence of Types of Labial Frenum Attachment and Frenectomy with Conventional Scalpel Technique in a Sample of Iraqi Population
Abstract : Frenum is thin fold of mucous membrane with enclosed muscle fibers which attach the lip to the alveolar mucosa and underlying periosteum on the labial aspect of the maxilla and mandible. The Frenal variations depending on the fibers attachment in addition to the presence of structural variations. The purpose of the current study is to find the prevalence of types of labial frenum attachment in a sample of Iraqi Population. The study was conducted on 2157 patients (1,105 males, and 1,052 females), aged between 10 - 70 years. Those patients attended to Periodontics Department –Department of Dentistry –Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq. The most important findings from this paper revealed that female showed higher percentages of frenum attachment types: mucosal (24.68%), gingival (18.83%), papillary (7.60%) and papillary penetrating (1.55%) than male frenum attachment types: mucosal (21.64%), gingival (7.50%) and papillary (6.94%) and papillary penetrating (1.26%). The current study has found that the majority of frenal attachments were of mucosal type. The next more prevalent types were gingival followed by papillary and the least frequent was papillary penetrating. Frenectomy could be used to treated high frenum attachment.
Full article
International Medical Journal
Journal ID : IMJ-09-04-2020-404
Total View : 147
Title : Community Needs Assessment Base-Education Model to Empower Exclusive Breastfeeding Cadres in Karanganyar District, Central Java – Indonesia
Abstract : Exclusive breastfeeding has become one of the simplest methods to reduce childrenmortality and increase life expectation. Unfortunately, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding forIndonesia remains low. Refering to in-service training program under empowerment theory, education wasto enable knowledge development. The objective was to offer education model based on community needsassessment for the exclusive breastfeeding cadres. The research team used cross sectional and observationcoupled with sequential mixed methods. They collected data in Karanganyar District - Indonesia. Theyworked in two stages: (1) the model for cadres was designed from 5-12 September 2019 and (2) one-daytraining program was delivered in 22 September 2019. The community needs assessment was adopted fromCenters for Disease Control and Prevention model, including: Community member’s identification,curriculum and assessment, questionnaires development, websites selection, method and data collection, andinformant emancipation. Cadre learning model consists of two steps: self-directed learning and bestpractices group mentoring involved 34 participants. Qualitative data were collected with document review,interview, discussion, and observation. Quantitative data were collected with pre-test and post-test.Manuscripts capturing fact-findings were provided. Wilcoxon Z was to examine the differences betweenpre-test and post-test scores. Findings concluded that Community Needs Assessment Base Education Modelhave positive impacts, including: (1) significant contribution to the success stories of exclusivebreastfeeding program, (2) better teamwork among cadres for different villages, and (3) more skills andlonger days for the exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers.
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