Abstract : Thyroid is an endocrine gland which can be afflicted by various diseases of endocrine, inflammatory or neoplastic origin. The incidence of thyroid malignancy has increased in the recent years and most commonly encountered in younger age groups. The new classification introduced a borderline category of thyroid tumors which significantly impacted pathology practice. This descriptive study was done in at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital. A total of 50 cases of thyroid tumors were included for this study. Patients were diagnosed according to classification proposed by WHO in 2004 and the slides were reevaluated and the new WHO classification 2017 diagnosis was also applied also old classification was compared with new classification. Among the 50 thyroidectomy specimens, maximum number of cases (34%) were seen in the age group of 31-40 years and only 16% of the cases in 41-50 age group. Comprising 80% of cases, females were higher in number than males. The ratio of female to male being 4:1. On recateogrisation according to new(latest) WHO 2017 classification, tumors were classified into 3 groups as benign, borderline, malignant. In our study malignant tumor constituted 50% of the cases, followed by borderline comprising 26% of the cases followed by benign comprising 24% cases. Diagnosis of borderline group of thyroid tumor should emphasized as Pathologists are no longer forced to decide between benign and malignant—it can be a borderline or precursor tumor and also this group can be closely followed by the surgeons..
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Abstract :

In the present pandemic era, it has been once proven again that one of the major defense that can protect or less the effect of the disease is Vaccination [1]. In 1974, WHO has taken an initiative and launched Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) global wide to increase childhood immunization against the six basic infections such as measles, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and tuberculosis. Global Alliance on Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI) was launched with aim to accelerate the coverage of basic vaccines and to introduce the new vaccines in low-income and middle-income countries [5]. In spite of many national and international Initiatives launched to immunize globally, still there were reports in 2008 stating that 826,000 of children aged 1-59 due to vaccine-preventable diseases. Common factors that were observed associated with partial vaccination in this study was time of vaccination inconvenient and long waiting time for vaccination, same factors were highlighted in the previous studies done. Keeping in view about the low % of full vaccinated children of age below 24 months ,it is the need of the hour to strengthen vaccination coverage by taking few measure like making people understand the importance of vaccination and also the drawbacks if the vaccine is not taken on and before the deadline, increase the health education, get in contact with the families of children’s who are not coming to vaccination place at appropriate age, keep a track record of the status of vaccination based on area wise.

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Abstract : This study was an observational study to study the socio-demographic profile of the patients having hydrocele and its impact on sexual life in a tertiary hospital in central India. This study was an observational study with a. qualitative component of focussed group discussion conducted with the married patients having hydrocele in the department of General surgery in a tertiary care hospital in central India from 1st January 2022 to 31th March, 2022. A total of 40 married male patients were studied in total. They were divided in a group of 8 patients each for a focussed group discussion. The mean age of the patients was 40.2 years. Out of the 40, 15 patients had yellow ration card i.e. belonging to lower socio economic status while 15 had saffron ration card and only 10 had white ration card. Majority of the population was Hindu (40%) followed by Muslims (25%), Buddhist (25%) and 10% were Christians, Sikhs and Jains. Majority of the population was educated up to 10th standard while 15% were illiterate. 30 patients were able to get morning erections on a regular basis and indulged in masturbation regularly. These males were then included in the future study. 21 patients (70%) complained of dissatisfaction in sexual life and 15 patients (50%) complained of pain in scrotum during sexual intercourse. 6 patients (20%) were asked to get operated for hydrocele by their wives. Hydrocele has significant impact on sexual life of patients and care should be taken to prevent the preventable causes like filariasis..
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Abstract : Parents play the role of educators, motivating the child, and helping him or her build a value system. Open communication between children and parents in the family and democratic behavior encourages self-confidence and offers rich material for research and realization of their own ideas. The aim of the study was to determine how parents' anxiety affects children's behavior during puberty. In this cross-sectional study, 150 high school students in the municipality of Gostivar were analyzed, as well as their parents. Two standardized questionnaires were used as a research tool. The Psychometric Properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) version was used to examine anxiety in children, and it measures anxiety in children in 4 domains (panic, separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, and school anxiety). The survey involved 600 respondents, of which 300 students (140 male and 160 female) and their parents (198 male and 102 female). According to the results of the analysis of student responses, 96 (32%) students were anxious, 130 (43.3%) children had significant somatic symptoms in terms of panic disorder, 119 (39.7%) children had generalized anxiety disorder, 149 (49.7%) presented separation anxiety, 71 (23.7%) had social anxiety disorder, and 87 (29%) students had signs of school anxiety. The results of the study showed a significant impact of parental anxiety on the health and behavior of children..
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Abstract : Home health care means medical care provided in the patient's home. This care can include extensive care provided by qualified medical professionals, including qualified nursing care, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy. The research was prospective, conducted in the period July - September 2021, which includes 52 patients receiving home health care, in Prishtina and Fushë Kosovë. Data were processed and analyzed in SPSS 20.0 software and compared with data from the literature used for this research. Based on the results of the research we found that 51.9% of the participants belong to the RAE community, 43.2% are Albanian, while the rest were Bosniaks and Serbs. Around 88.5% of survey participants stated that staff have always been "well informed" about the care or treatment that the patient should receive. 94.2% of respondents stated that they had always been treated politely. Research has shown that despite the fact that there is no national or institutional standard for the quality of home visits, patient satisfaction with visits is high. Comparison with international standards of home care has highlighted some shortcomings in terms of frequency of visits, content and duration of home visits as well as shortcomings in communication. It's necessary to compile a national guide that would define the indications, frequency and content of the home visit, as well as the way of reporting..
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