Abstract : Adrenal cysts are very rare, but with the wider application of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and sonography more adrenal cysts are detected incidentally. We describe a unique case of adrenocortical cyst in a 30-year-old female patient, which was removed surgically by adrenalectomy. She started developing a lump along the left lumbar region which was insidious in onset and progressive in nature. Lump came into attention of the patient when the lump was associated with mild pain in the left lumbar region. Surgical management was done. Histopathology was suggestive of pseudo-cyst (adrenocortical origin). Patient was discharged after removing the suture. Small, asymptomatic, non-functional cysts may be treated conservatively with regular follow-up by CECT or sonography and hormonal evaluation..
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Abstract : Previous unidentified coronavirus was discovered in late December 2019, which known as COVID-19 disease was spread all over the world from Wuhan, China. Limited data are available about coronavirus disease 2019 during pregnancy. To find out the blood parameters and outcome of pregnancy in terms of neonate survival and birth weight among admitted COVID-19 positive pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata. A retrospective observational study was conducted at a designated COVID-19 Hospital in Kolkata. Data of 201 COVID-19 positive pregnant women admitted in Covid Antenatal Ward were analysed. Blood parameters like total count, C- Reactive Protein(CRP), Liver function test, sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine were assessed. Results were presented in tabular form in mean and percentage and test of significance was calculated. Mean age of 201 COVID-19 positive pregnant was 26.79 years with standard deviation of 4.94 years. The mean height was 1.59 meter and mean weight was 65.46 kg. 193 (96%) were asymptomatic and 186 (92.53%) mothers had no comorbidities. Commonest comorbidity found was pregnancy induced hypertension. COVID-19 biomarkers, mean of Ferritin, CRP and D-dimer was 4.49,18.69 and 2.37 respectively. Average total WBC count was 11826. 136 (41.3%) mothers had spontaneous onset of labour. 97 (48.3%) deliveries were vaginal delivery. 36 (17.91%) babies were delivered preterm. These observations strongly suggest the requirement of special care like provisions of radiant warmer, phototherapy that may be needed for the newborns of mothers with COVID-19..
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Abstract : Avascular necrosis of the femoral head occurs when blood flow to the femoral head is partially or irrevocably altered. The absence of blood supply causes the bone marrow and bone cells to die, followed by the breakdown of the bone structure, resulting in the destruction of bony architecture, local soreness, and reduction of hip joint efficiency. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is now classified and described using over 16 distinct categorization systems. The management for cases of avascular necrosis femoral head is directly going for surgery after making the diagnosis clinically and radiologically. Histological examination is often not done as it is considered waste of time and money. We conducted this study to realise the importance of histopathological features of avascular necrosis to make sure that for staging and further management, histopathology is also given its due importance. Purpose of this study is to provide a current perspective of non-traumatic AVN of femoral head based on comprehensive histopathological analysis and provide histopathological typing. In our study, we had taken 40 patients admitted to AVBRH Orthopaedics department with diagnosis of non-traumatic avascular necrosis of femoral head. Bone Biopsy samples were obtained from femoral head in patients undergoing core decompression or total hip replacement procedure. Biopsy samples were then processed for histopathological examination. Under microscope, examination of the samples were carried out once processed. Histopathological findings were then analyzed and common features were identified. Based on the features seen on microscopy, typing was done into 4 groups and classification system was proposed. In our study, we found that patients diagnosed with Non-traumatic AVN had significant changes occurring in femoral head on microscopy. Examination of these histopathological features and typing them can provide the severity of the disease and also help in plan of management accordingly. Hence, classifying and typing of histopathologic features becomes an important tool in management of Avascular necrosis. There were 12 classical features seen on histology. All these features were grouped on the basis of increasing severity. A novel Histopathological typing system was made..
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Abstract : Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad term that encompasses computing technologies that mimic human intelligence-assisted systems, including cognition, deep learning, adaptability, engagement, and sensory comprehension. Some machines can do tasks that would normally require human interpretation and decision-making. These strategies are multidisciplinary in nature and may be used in a variety of sectors, including medicine and health. So we were prompted to inquire whether orthopaedic postgraduates in Tier 1 and Tier 2 cities in India are sufficiently aware of what artificial intelligence is? We created a survey questionaire using Google Forms. The questionnaire was created by a senior orthopaedic surgeon with assistance from the institute's medical education section. The goal was to find out how much postgraduate students knew about AI and how it may be used in orthopaedics. We received 55 answers from 6 medical institutions that offer orthopaedic surgery courses. The distribution of post-graduate students was seen to be balanced. Geographically, the under-surveyed medical institutions were segregated. The issues of "why it is essential" and "if it is feasible" in relation to machine learning in medicine are no longer relevant in talks, but what remains unanswered is "when" and "how" we discover methods to put it to use for improved patient care. This provides a foundation for the medical teaching unit to create and establish a curriculum that includes AI fundamentals and medicine as an introduction session in the post-graduate Orthopedics programme..
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Abstract : Variations in the morphometry of the acetabulum's posterior column can affect intramedullary screw placement for mildly displaced posterior column fractures. This CT-based study aims to present gender-based morphometric differences in the human pelvis in relation to posterior column screw trajectory. We conducted a retrospective study in which we collected CT scans from forty adult patients between the months of December 2020 and March 2021. These patients ranged in age from 18 to 75 years old and did not have any bone lesions or anatomical abnormalities. They had been advised to get a CT scan of their abdomen and pelvis for any other medical reason besides trauma. Mean age was 45to70 years, range 61.2±6.4. Distance between Anterior superior Iliac spine to Posterior superior Iliac spine was M (155.6±1.8): F (152.3±2.2). Posteroanterior angle on Sagital Section (degree) (p = 0.007) M(15.5±0.4) :F (14.7±1.1) and Mediolateral angle on coronal section (degree) (p = 0.053) (M (22.7±1.5) : F(23.5±0.95). Ischial Tuberosity to Iliac Tuberosity length (mm) did not differ (p=0.874) Male (186.4±0.95) and Female (186.5±0.96)..
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