International Medical Journal

Abstract : Public Health Issues of teenage pregnancies, Sexually Transmitted Infections and Human Immuno Deficiency are connected to fetal, neonatal, maternal and other unfortunate consequences. Young females may become pregnant and somewhat stop schooling as they take up the role of adolescent parents who are not likely socioeconomically prepared to raise children. This study aims to evaluate contraceptive knowledge, perceptions and factors influencing utilization among undergraduates in Rivers State. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 244 university students who were selected using multistage sampling method. A private university was identified for the study. A self- administered questionnaire was distributed to 244 students in the campus but only 224 (91.8%) were returned and used. Data was analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences and data presented in frequency distribution table. It revealed that 157(70%) Strongly agreed that Contraceptives prevents Pregnancy, 220(98%) are strongly aware that Condom is a contraceptive and a similar proportion 199(89%) strongly agree that Oral pill is a contraceptive and Implant is a method of Contraceptive. 179(79.9%) respondents strongly perceive that Contraceptive should not be used by both men and women. Contraceptive methods and usage information dissemination requires paramount attention to achieve safe sexuality among young people in the State..
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Abstract :

Recently, electrosurgery is a safe and effective method for work. Although it is widely used in surgical procedures, mainly for subcutaneous and deep layer dissections its use on skin has been precluded by the fear of complications like delayed wound healing and surgical site infections. The present study was conducted to compare scalpel skin incision versus electrocautery skin incision in abdominal surgeries conducted at tertiary healthcare institute. The present study was a prospective study conducted among 60 patients admitted in all surgical units of D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital will be the subject of this study during the period of July 2019 to September 2021. Out of total 60 sample size, 30 cases were randomly taken for Scalpel skin incision and remaining 30 for Electrocautery skin incision. We observed infection among 6.67% subjects in scalpel group and 3.33% subjects in electrocautery group. Delayed wound healing was noted among 20% subjects in first group and 6.67% subjects in cautery group, Dehiscence - partial was noted among 13.33% subejcts in scalpel group and 3.33% subjects in cautery group. Necrosis was noted among 6.67% study subjects in scalpel group and 3.33% study subjects in cautery group. The use of electrocautery for making skin incision in abdominal surgery was associated with less incision time, lesser intraoperative blood loss as compared to scalpel incision. The postoperative pain and wound complications comparatively lesser in electrocautery group as compared to scalpel group.

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Abstract : To study and compare the results of abdominal wall incision closure by stapler or suture based on time required for closure, post operative complications (infection, dehiscence), cosmesis, patient satisfaction. This was a study done among the patients admitted for elective abdominal surgery in tertiary care hospital. Out of 60 patients, 30 underwent skin closure with staples and the remaining 30 with sutures. The study participants are evaluated and recorded various variables like infection, dehiscence, satisfaction etc. The data was coded and entered in Microsoft excel and then analyzed using statistical software, SSPS. The time for wound closure was significantly lesser in the staples group than the suture group. Wound complication was present in 3 of cases in the staples group and in 11 of cases in the suture group. Good cosmetic appearance was present in 80% of the staples group and 60% of the sutures group Discomfort in suture removal was present only in 16% of the cases when staples were used against 86% when sutures were used. 80% of the patients were satisfied in staples group against 60% in the suture group. All the above mentioned variables were found to statistically significant. Staples were superior to sutures with respect to time for closure of the wound, occurrence of lesser complications (infections, dehiscence), better cosmetic outcome, less discomfort during suture removal. All the above led to a satisfied patient..
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Abstract : The national statistics of cancer incidence and mortality in Morocco are estimated only from the data of the existing registers (Grand Casablanca and Rabat). In order to provide more efficient and updated statistics, an epidemiological study on cancers in the Souss Massa region of Morocco allows for the first time to enrich the publication of trends by type of cancer (solid and hematological) and to restore with precision the risk factors directly or indirectly. A retrospective descriptive analytical study of patients with cancer collected at the regional oncology center of Agadir (CORA), over a period from January 2014 to June 2019. All admitted cancer cases were analyzed, focusing on epidemiological parameters: sex, age, marital status, origin (city), environment (urban/rural), occupation, mode of payment and management, cancer location and types of cancer. The incidence of cancer in the Souss Massa region estimated on the world population is (146.35/100 000) with a female predominance (179.15/100 000) (p<0.0001), against (113.56 for men). Out of 8851 cases of cancer of all types, solid cancers represent (7603 cases; 86%) and hematological cancers (1248 cases; 14%). Among the most frequent types of cancer in the female population: breast (35%), cervical cancer (14%), blood cancer (13%), colorectal cancer (5.5%) and stomach cancer (4.6%). Among men, lung cancer ranks first (18.1%) followed by blood cancer (15.5%), stomach cancer (10.1%), colorectal cancer (10%) and prostate cancer (8.7%). Among the most common types of blood cancer are lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma and cytopenia. The risk factors studied for solid cancers showed that they affected women more than men (57%) (p<0.0001). Their mean age was 54.89±16.23 years (p<0.0001). The patients were mainly married (75%) (p<0.0001), without profession (82%) (p<0.0001), coming from urban (55%) and rural (45%) areas and from the northern provinces of the region. The risk factors studied for hematological cancers showed that they affected women more than men (52%) (p<0.0001). Their mean age was 47.81±21.36 years (p<0.0001). The patients were mainly married (74%) (p<0.0001), without occupation (98%) (p<0.0001), coming from urban (54%) and rural (46%) areas and from the most populated provinces in the region. These results underline the interest of maintaining and reinforcing prevention efforts, increasing vigilance and surveillance to achieve avoidance of the main known risk factors for preventable cancers (smoking, alcohol consumption, HPV infection, H. pylori infection or diet, overweight and obesity...). Concerning hematological cancers, this work has also allowed us to improve our knowledge of these diseases, to follow trends over time but also to generate etiological and risk hypotheses in a perspective of establishing screening and management strategies specific to hematological cancers..
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Abstract : The operation theatre setup causes anxiety in patients who are scheduled for surgery. The goal of this study was to compare the effect of a brief visual clip portraying the technique of epidural anaesthesia on perioperative anxiety in individuals having epidural anaesthesia. A prospective randomised trial of 160 individuals requiring an epidural was carried out. Patients were randomly assigned to either the nonvideo group (Group NV) or the video group (Group V) (Group V - those who were shown the video). During the pre-anaesthetic check-up and before surgery, anxiety was measured using the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were also recorded as haemodynamic measures. For regularly distributed quantitative data, the student’s t-test was employed, and for nonnormally distributed quantitative data, the Mann–Whitney U-test was used. For categorical data, the Chi-square test was utilised. In terms of baseline anxiety levels and haemodynamic measures, both groups were comparable. Before receiving epidural anaesthesia, the nonvideo group experienced a significant rise in state anxiety (P<0.001). Preoperatively, patients in the video group had significantly reduced HR and MAP (P <0.001). To alleviate perioperative anxiety, multimedia information in the form of a brief video clip is an effective and practical way..
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