Abstract : Deep learning is a branch of artificial intelligence. Image processing has been revolutionized with the advent of deep learning. It is making its big way in data analysis in medicine. With the rise of deep neural networks in deep learning, the accuracy of predicting a task has improved in a tremendous manner by incorporating deep layers into the model that allow the system to learn complex data. Usage of the CNN in daily practice warrants its validation done external data set before widespread application. A systematic literature review on deep learning for fracture diagnosis was undertaken on the basis of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. English articles with publication dates between 2000 and 2022 were evaluated. Inclusion criteria were studies of deep learning applied to fracture diagnosis with (a) a similar group, encompassing a comparable research purpose and cohort, and (b) sufficient and calculable data to analyze outcomes. There were 903 publications found after a literature search. Seven studies that are included in the syetmatic review were published between 2020 and 2022. In conclusion Deep learning has shown considerable potential and feasibility in fracture screening, emergency department diagnosis, workflow prioritisation, mistake minimization, and speciality physician training despite existing constraints. Currently, the diagnostic precision is comparable to that of general practitioners. There is need for sound external validation before acceptance of the CNN as independent diagnostic modality..
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Abstract : Minimally invasive orthopedic surgery is common. Its effectiveness for mildly displaced acetabular fractures is unknown. This review examined the role of percutaneous acetabular fracture fixation. Methods. The review followed PRISMA criteria. We searched two electronic databases (inception to May 2022). A priori criterion filtered studies. Two independent reviewers extracted and arranged data from each research. Fifteen studies were included in the final analysis. Three were prospective randomized trials, and twelve were retrospective studies. When compared with open reduction internal fixation, the percutaneous method of fixation is linked with a lower risk of complications. Obese, osteoporotic, and elderly patients who cannot undergo total joint arthroplasty are also candidates for percutaneous fixation due to poor open surgery and internal fixation results.3 D navigation and CT guided percutaneous fixation can improve the accuracy of percutaneous screw fixation and minimize the complications..
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Abstract : The posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), a rare reversible neurological condition with typical radiological findings of posterior bilateral gray and white matter abnormalities in the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres, is increasingly being documented in paediatrics. Clinical signs and symptoms of PRES include altered mentation, drowsiness, visual abnormalities, seizures (focal or general), and non-localized headache. Here in this study, we reported two cases of children with this condition with varying presentations. We report two cases a 13-year-old male child was presented to the general ward of our hospital with swelling over the face and the lower limbs, headache, loss of appetite, and vomiting for 8 days and a 3-year-old male child was brought in for a planned MRI of the brain at our hospital after complaining of one episode of convulsion one month back. Children with new-onset seizures, a small rise in blood pressure, or hypoglycemia, and MRI findings demonstrating bilateral decreased signal intensity in the parieto-occipital areas should be suspected of PRES. To avoid misdiagnosis in these circumstances, a proper clinical and radiological correlation is required..
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Abstract : This study evaluates the effects of selected irrigants; the distal water (control), apple vinegar, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and diode laser on root canal dentin minerals as ca, phosphorus, Mg and Na ions. Human canines(n=50) were instrumented by #30 stainless steel file and the final irrigation was performed with apple vinegar, 17% ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), diode laser irradition (980nm), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and distilled water (control), which were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry to determine the concentration of calcium ions, phosphers ions, magmisim ions, and sodium ions by edex. Statistical analysis was performed which set at P ≤ 0.05, in ca ions: the (EDTA and Na) groups showed highest value, while (Vinegar, Na and Laser) groups showed less value. In Mg ions: (EDTA and Na) groups showed highest value, while (Vinegar, Na and Laser) groups showed the less value. In Na ions: (EDTA, Na ad Laser) groups showed the highest value, while the less value was found in (Vinegar, Na and Laser) groups. In Ph ions: (EDTA and Na) groups showed highest value, while the less value was found in (Vinegar, Na and Laser) groups. The diode laser in combination with apple vinegar might be used as a final management of the root canal system before canal obturation due to its chelating effect than EDTA..
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Abstract : Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vitamin D3 is a secosteroid that has pleiotropic effects on many organs, including the adaptive immune system and the innate immune system. It is a potent immunomodulator of innate immune responses by acting as a cofactor for induction of anti-mycobacterial activity [6]. Vitamin D3 deficiency is generally prevalent in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Hence, we extended our study to analyze the changes in the level of vitamin D3 in various subgroups of PTB patients which includes newly diagnosed sputum positive PTB; Recurrent PTB; PTB in patients with Diabetes mellitus and PTB patients who lost to follow up. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 95 sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients over a period of two years in Department of Pulmonary Medicine, SMVMCH, India. Serum Vitamin D3 levels were measured in the study subjects and their levels were compared among the different subgroups. Vitamin D3 deficiency (<10ng/ml) was found in all the subgroups of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with higher prevalence in patients with advanced age, low BMI, farmers, smokers, alcoholics and diabetes. However, difference in Vitamin D3 levels among the patients with newly diagnosed PTB, Recurrent TB and PTB who lost follow up were not statistically significant. Hence, vitamin D3 level has to be assessed in all the pulmonary tuberculosis patients and supplementation of vitamin D3 in patients with deficiency and insufficiency improves the morbidity in these groups of patients..
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