Abstract : Nursing is regarded to be a stressful career because it usually interacts with clients in complicated and interacting clinical environments. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize lowering perceived stress levels, identify which tools are most frequently used to measure perceived stress levels and report on outcomes of lowering perceived stress levels in undergraduate nursing students. We searched for articles indexed in Pubmed, Web of science, Psyc INFO, and CINAHL database using a combination of expressions including perceived stress and nursing students or Coping and intervention. Five empirical studies were identified as relevant to our research. Several types of tools are used to lowering perceived stress levels in undergraduate nursing students. We found that the majority of the nursing students had moderate perceived stress levels. The Mindfulness meditation helps to decreased and significantly lowering perceived stress levels at P level of 0.005. This review underlines that nursing students arrange scholastic situations, giving the information and abilities vital to execute self-care exercises may be instrumental in graduating nurses who esteem and advance stretch diminishment and coping skills for themselves and the patients they care for. Encourage inquire about is required to investigate the possibility of executing a mixed approach mindfulness program for undergraduate nursing students..
Full article

Abstract : "An acute inflammatory process of the pancreas, with varied involvement of other regional tissues or remote organ systems". Acute Pancreatitis is a reversible inflammatory condition of the pancreas with minimal or no fibrosis of the tissue. Chronic pancreatitis has ongoing inflammation, irreversible structural changes, and persistent damage of exocrine as well as endocrine pancreatic function. Acute pancreatitis does not. Gallstones, alcohol, trauma, drugs, post ERCP and anatomic obstruction are all causes of acute pancreatitis [1]. Patients who suffer from acute pancreatitis are at a higher risk of developing further complications like sepsis, shock, respiratory failure, and kidney failure, all of which can lead to death or serious illness. A large number of peptides are synthesized in and by endocrine cells of the pancreas and gastro-Intestinal tract. Many of these peptides circulate as hormones, but they also function as paracrine modulators or neurotransmitters in the gut and in the central and Peripheral nervous systems [2]. Heparin with a low molecular weight (LMWH) has a stronger moresafer anti-thrombin action than unfractionated heparin. LMWH improves pancreatic microcirculation by reducing cytokine and inflammatory mediator release [3]. LMWH inhibits the start of an inflammatory storm, which improves the microcirculation system, and it has an anti-thrombus action, which reduces the development of microthrombosis in the pancreas. Acute pancreatitis can be successfully treated with LMWH [3]..
Full article

Abstract : The thyroid hormones are responsible for regulation of basal metabolic rate & have effects on almost all body tissues. It has influence on appetite, absorption of nutrients & gut motility. Hashimoto`s thyroiditis represent different phases of an organ- specific, immune mediated inflammatory disorder & are referred as autoimmune thyroiditis. It is characterized by the production of autoantibodies that alters thyroid function. In the present study investigated that the correlation between clinical features, thyroid function tests, antithyroid antibody profile and cytomorphological observation in Hashimoto`s thyroiditis. The cytomorphology in an aspirate is dependent on the phase of the disease. In this study was carried out in the department of Pathology and biochemistry in the period of January 2021to January 2022, Arunai Medical College Hospital and Research Institute. FNAC was performed in all the patients with palpable/visible thyroid swelling. Among 100 cases showing the cytomorphology of autoimmune thyroiditis were selected and it’s correlated with their clinical features, thyroid function test and antithyroid antibody profile. Out of the 100 patients, 15 patients underwent thyroidectomy and sent for histopathological examination. Their results were studied and correlated with other examination. Out of 100 cases under study, majority of cases (66.6%) were categorized into cytological grade II. 35% of cases presented with subclinical hypothyroidism and 33.3% of cases presented with overt hypothyroidism. 89.3% of cases showed elevated levels of antithyroid peroxidase antibody. Cytomorphological grading of Hashimoto`s thyroiditis can explain the pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease. serology is an useful adjunct for the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis, in cases with negative antibody titers and/or biochemically euthyroid & subclinically hypothyroid cases, FNAC continues to be diagnosis of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis patients..
Full article

Abstract : Infantile hypertension, if unrecognized and untreated, can cause early end-organ damage such as left ventricular hypertrophies and hypertensive retinopathies, and in severe cases, even serious complications such as congestive heart failure, hemorrhagic stroke, and hypertensive encephalopathies. Fibromuscular dysplasia alone accounts for 70% of renovascular disease. RVH is caused by vascular damage to the renal arteries but also to the inter- or suprarenal aorta as blood-carrying vessels. The exact incidence in children is unknown but, depending on the literature, ranges from 5-25% of all secondary or 5-10% of all unselected infantile hypertension. Thanks to modern diagnostics and therapy of RVH, excellent results can be achieved today. In our very complicated case and successfully interventional casus, the unilateral double supply of the kidney in fibromuscular dysplasia was stenosed long branch (superior pole artery hilar suture and the inferior pole artery aortic descending suture)..
Full article

Abstract : The relationship between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and malignancies became evident in the early HIV/AIDS epidemic, because of altered cell-mediated immunity. World Health Organization (WHO) has clinically divided 4 different clinical stages of HIV. WHO clinical stage 4 includes HIV associated with malignancies. Micronuclear (MN) assay on exfoliated buccal cells is a useful and minimally invasive method for monitoring genetic damage in humans. The MN frequency in the healthy population was reported to be 1-3/1000 cells, which may increase in number indicating the DNA damage, which has further influenced the trend towards malignancies in different pathological conditions. HIV being one of the important pathological conditions in the present society, it was an important step to study its influence on malignancy. The present study aims to determine MN changes in the exfoliated oral mucosal cells using a standardized protocol of Giemsa staining method in HIV infected and non-HIV infected individuals and to analyze the frequency of micronuclei in exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa associated with age, sex, and HIV-associated factors. A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 100, was done to study the micronuclei (MN) frequencies in the exfoliated buccal mucosal cells using a standardized protocol of the Giemsa staining method in HIV infected individuals and age-matched controls. The mean number of MN was significantly high in buccal scrapings of HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected individuals and also influenced by age, sex, and HIV-associated factors. No reported data is available regarding Micronuclear assay in Buccal smear among HIV patients in India the Indian population..
Full article