International Medical Journal

Journal ID : IMJ-04-02-2023-1590

Total View : 391

Title : Association between early trimester miscarriage and unexplained stillbirth with subclinical hypothyroidism: A cross sectional observational study

Abstract : Among all Maternal medical disorders, hypothyroidism is the major causative factor. The estimated prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in pregnancy has been reported as 2.3% which is significantly higher than the prevalence of overt hypothyroidism in pregnancy considering the cut off value of TSH as 2.5 IU/ml. Few studies about effect of increased TSH levels on miscarriage and still birth are available from India. The present study was undertaken to test whether SCH is associated with early trimester miscarriage and unexplained stillbirths in our Indian population as it is an easily preventable incident with early installation of thyroid replacement therapy. Using an observational, cross sectional study model, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were assayed in serum by ELISA method from 250 pregnant women having miscarriages within 12 weeks during a study period of one year. Results: In spite of having no significant difference in the fT4 values between the patients with and without miscarriage the serum TSH levels were significantly raised in patients having miscarriage as evident from both independent t test (mean ± SD: 3.5 ± 2.2 vs 2.80 ± 1.5) and Mann Whitney test (median: 2.87 vs 2.44). Results of correlation study showed that there was a significant association between the serum TSH levels and number of miscarriages (r = 0.246, P < 0.001) without any such relationship with the thyroxine values (r = -0.01, P = 0.06). We conclude that even if thyroxin levels appear to be normal in compensated hypothyroid pregnant women, raised values of TSH impose risk of miscarriage. So, we recommend that in spite of having a normal fT4 value serum TSH should be monitored within their trimester specific normal values to prevent early miscarriage..
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International Medical Journal

Journal ID : IMJ-31-01-2023-1589

Total View : 381

Title : STUDY OF NATURE, RHYTHM AND LOCATION OF PULSE OF POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY IN FIRST MBBS STUDENTS OF GUJARAT.

Abstract : Knowledge of the location of the pulse of the posterior tibial artery is necessary for palpating it for medical and paramedical students and professionals to get an idea of the cardiovascular and general condition of the person and for correlation of both mentioned. Knowledge of the location of the artery is helpful to surgeons for its easy access or exposure. Pulse of posterior tibial artery palpated with middle three fingers of the right hand of the examiner, below and behind medial malleolus against calcaneum bone of both lower limbs of 80 randomly selected asymptomatic students of 1st M.B.B.S. of various Medical colleges of Gujarat. Pulse of posterior tibial artery palpated in 79 (98.75%) students on both sides. Most commonly it was palpated at a distance of 3 cm from the posterior border of the medial malleolus in 25 (31.25%) students. It was palpated at a distance of 1.5 to 3.5 cm in 75(93.75%) students. It was regular in rhythm in 79 (98.75%) students. It was normal in nature in 93.75% of students. Pulse of the posterior tibial artery commonly palpated at the distance of 3 cm from the posterior border of the medial malleolus with a range of 1 to 3.5 cm which helps medical and paramedical professionals for palpating it and helps surgeons for accessing and exposing the artery. A few students may show a weak or absent pulse which needs to evaluate further for any variations or vascular insufficiency..
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International Medical Journal

Journal ID : IMJ-24-01-2023-1586

Total View : 489

Title : COMPARISON OF LIGNOCAINE, DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND NITROGLYCERIN FOR PREVENTION OF PAIN FROM PROPOFOL INJECTION: - A RANDOMIZED TRIPLE BLIND STUDY

Abstract : Propofol is an intravenous induction agent with high incidence of pain on injection. The aim of this randomized, triple blinded, placebo-controlled study was to assess efficacy of pre-treatment with various drugs to alleviate the propofol injection pain. 344, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II adult patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures under general anesthesia (GA) were included in the study. They were randomly divided into four groups with each group having 86 patients. Group L received pre-treatment with intravenous (I.V) lignocaine 0.5mg/Kg, group D received dexmedetomidine 0.25µg/Kg I.V, group NT received I. V. nitroglycerine 0.1µg/Kg and group NS was control group. Venous occlusion was applied to forearm using a pneumatic tourniquet and was inflated to 70 mm of Hg for 1 minute. Study drug was injected, tourniquet was released and then 25% of the calculated dose of propofol was given I. V. over 10 sec. Patients were assessed for pain at injection site at 0 sec, 30 sec and 60 seconds after injection of propofol using McCrirrick and Hunter Pain scale. Unpaired student’s t-test and chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze results. The order of efficacy of the study drugs in attenuation of pain on propofol injection was lignocaine> dexmedetomidine> nitroglycerine > control. Pre-treatment with 0.25µg/Kg of dexmedetomidine is effective as lignocaine in preventing propofol injection pain..
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International Medical Journal

Journal ID : IMJ-21-01-2023-1585

Total View : 488

Title : Evaluation of the efficacy of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and tetracycline hydrochloride as root conditioning agents using Scanning Electron Microscopy: An in vitro study

Abstract : Estimating the number of total dentinal tubules present, measuring the diameter of individual patent dentinal tubules and comparing the efficacy of surface alterations and smear layer removal on planed root surfaces following application of EDTA (15%) and tetracycline hydrochloride (10%). A total of 20 specimens were prepared from 10 human teeth extracted due to chronic periodontitis, from the patients who reported to the Department of Periodontology. The specimens are divided into two groups comprising of 10 specimens in each group for application of EDTA and tetracycline. The surface of the roots was scanned and observed by scanning electron microscopy. Total number of tubules were 33.7± 8.49 and 30.6 ± 4.14 for EDTA and tetracycline groups respectively with no statistical significance. The difference in percentage of patent tubules in EDTA and tetracycline groups, and the percentage patent dentinal tubules was also not statistically significant between the two groups. Number of patent dentinal tubules was slightly higher for EDTA compared to tetracycline. Both EDTA and tetracycline were equally effective in removing smear layer and opening dentinal tubules. The lesser number of patent dentinal tubules in tetracycline group may be due to the inherent difference in their structural characteristics..
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International Medical Journal

Journal ID : IMJ-11-01-2023-1584

Total View : 395

Title : Out of pocket of breast cancer disease among Iraqi patients

Abstract : Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in both developed and developing countries. Progress in the management of breast cancer in the recent years lead to increase the cost of management. Cancer imposes a substantial economic burden on society. To minimize economic burden of breast cancer. A cross sectional study was conducted in Baghdad including 300 women. Direct face to face interview was used to collect necessary data about disease stage and treatments. The disease was classified into early and late. The cost was in Iraqi dinars. Mean early lab cost was 530450 ±743010.9, therapeutic cost 1398333.3 ±612353, hospitalization cost 1664333.3 ±705113, and diagnostic cost was 698166.7 ±294381. Mean late lab cost was 525250 ±743191.3, therapeutic cost 6005666.7 ±3091808.88, hospitalization cost 3347050 ±1407216.6, and diagnostic cost was 635666.7 ±605956.7. Late costs were much higher than early-stage disease costs. The cost of management of breast cancer is increasing with stage at diagnosis. Screening program is the best way to lower the cost..
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International Medical Journal

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Submission Deadline ( Vol 30 , Issue 04 )
20 Apr 2023

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Publish On ( Vol 30 , Issue 03 )
31 Mar 2023