International Medical Journal

Abstract : We aimed to evaluate the effect of insulin resistance on serum effect of IR on serum OPG and trace elements levels in diabetic nephropathy patients in province of Basrah-Iraq. From 63 volunteers who suffering from T2DM, 31 patients with nephropathy and 32 patients without nephropathy, while 33 normal voleteers were taken as controls. Their fasting insulin hormone and osteoprotegerin were determined by ELISA methods. BMI, glucose urea, creatinine, GFR and Cr.Cl., and homeostasis model assessment for determined of insulin resistance (IR). Mg and Zn were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, while Se in whole blood was determined using hydride generation method. A non-significant change (p>0.05) was seen in the level of BMI, significantly decreased (p<0.01) in levels of Se, Zn and Mg, while a higher significantly changes (p<0.01) were seen in the levels of glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, urea, creatinine in subjects of type 2 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy, as compared to healthy group. On the other hand, levels of OPG, GFR and Cr.Cl., were highly significantly (p<0.01) changes in diabetic patients with nephropathy and significantly (p<0.05) changes in patients without nephropathy, compared to the healthy control. Elevated serum OPG and decreased trace elements (Se, Zn and Mg) levels are strongly associated with BMI, insulin resistance and physical activity which can be used as a biomarker of renal dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy thus decreasing the mortality and morbidity.
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Abstract : Oral biofilms can cause a health-related problem in the mouth cavity. The purpose of this study was to determine antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of quercetin on two oral microbes, S. sanguinis and S. mutans in anaerobic condition. The antibacterial was assayed with microdilution method in aerobic condition. The antibiofilm activity was assayed using microdilution method in an anaerobic environment by using crystal violet as an indicator. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis was conducted to observe biofilms on the surface coverslip. The result showed MIC50 (Minimum Inhibition Concentration) of quercetin on S. sanguinis and S. mutans was 0.125% v/v. MBIC50 (Minimum Biofilm Inhibition Concentration) of quercetin was 1% v/v on S. sanguinis and S. mutans. MBEC50 (Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration) of quercetin on S. sanguinis was 1% v/v and was observed at 0.25% v/v on S. mutans. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that quercetin has a degradation effect on S. sanguinis and S. mutans. SEM analyses confirmed that quercetin demonstrated degradation effect to S. sanguinis and S. mutans. Noteworthy to evaluate the quercetin effect towards polymicrobial biofilms.
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Abstract : In the present work; 261 of patients who revised Telkeif governmental healthcarecenter/North Nineveh were chosen to apply the study, in the period between September/2019 andJanuary/2020. Revisers age were ranged 1-40 years. They all diagnosed to have intestinal parasites.Hemoglobin concentration and RBC count were estimated for each patient. The prevalence of intestinalparasite was: 34.2% for Entamoeba histolytica, 28.7% for Giardia lamblia, 13.4% for Ancylostomaduodenale, 10.3% for Trichuris trichura, 7.7% for Ascaris lumbricoides and 5.7% for Hymenolepis nana.Intestinal parasites were most common in 11-20 age group (infection percentage 34.1%), in which parasiticinfections were distributed as: 13.4% for Entamoeba histolytica, 7.3% for Giardia lamblia, 5.4% forAncylostoma dudenale, 3.8% for Trichuris trichura, 2.7% for Ascaris lumbricoides and 1.5% forHymenolepis nana. On the other hands, Intestinal parasites were the less prevalence in 31-40 age group,with infection distribution: 6.5% for E. histolytica, 4.7% for G. lamblia, 0% for A.duodenale, 1.9% for T.trichura, 1.5% for A. lumbricoides and 0% for H. nana. Generally, 36.45% of the parasitized patients (95 of261) were detected to have moderate diminish in hemoglobin concentration (9.6 g/dl) and RBC count (3.44×1012). Hemoglobin concentration and RBC count were varying according to parasite species. The lowesthemoglobin concentration was recorded in patients with E. histolytica (8.4 g/dl), the lowest RBC count wasfound in patients with A. duodenale (2.9×1012). The less diminish in both hemoglobin concentration andRBC count was detected in patients with H. nana (10.9 g/dl and 4×1012 respectively).
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Abstract : In primary teeth, root canal treatment is a time consuming and challenging procedure, particularly during the most important step in endodontic treatment which is the preparation of the canal. Pulpectomy is the treatment of choice in all the necrotic primary teeth. For better treatment protocol, advancing technology brought the rotary system to reduce the manual dexterity and improve the quality of treatment for pulpectomy. This study aimed to compare and assess the efficacy of cleaning and the time required for the instrumentation during the preparation of root canals of the primary molars using the rotary and the manual (conventional) systems. Thirty root canals of primary teeth were selected. These teeth submitted to access opening and then all the canals injected with Indian ink. Then, 48 hours later, the teeth were randomly classified into two groups: group A (n=fifteen tooth): where the manual preparation of the root canals was done by stainless steel K- files, while group B (n= fifteen tooth): consisted of the root canals that prepared with rotary two shape system. The total instrumentation time was measured using a digital stopwatch. After that, a disk bur was used to section the roots. Then, a digital camera was used to photograph the specimens to evaluate the root canal cleaning. The cleaning efficacy was compared at the coronal, middle and apical level. In the coronal third, rotary two shape system showed more removal to the ink than the K-file with statistical significant difference (p <0.05), however, for the middle third of the canal, no statistical difference was found between the two systems (p=0.05). While at the apical level, K-file showed more removal to the ink than the rotary two shape system and with statistical significant difference (p <0.05). Evaluation of the total samples revealed no statistical significant difference concerning the efficacy of cleaning between K-files and rotary two shape system files. The group that was rotary prepared took less time for the canal preparation as compared to the manual group (80.063 sec., 144.576 sec. respectively). No significant difference was found between the two systems concerning the cleaning efficacy. Instrumentation done by the rotary system took significantly less time than that of the manual.
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Abstract : Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common abnormality among young women in their reproductive age. It is associated with complications such as insulin resistance, lipid profile and metabolic disorders. This study compared the relationship between vitamin D level and complications of obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in women with and without PCOS. One hundred and forty women were evaluated in this cross-sectional study (70 in PCOS and 70 in control groups). 5 cc of blood was taken from all participants to evaluate their fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, and insulin levels. The rate of insulin resistance was calculated with the homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) formula. Analysis of variance and T-test were used to compare the quantitative data with a normal distribution. Non-parametric tests were used to compare data with a non-normal distribution. The association of the level of vitamin D and metabolic variables was studied with Pearson’s and Spearman’s coefficients. The vitamin D3 levels were significantly lower in PCOS group compared to the control group. However, the body mass index, insulin resistance, fasting insulin and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group (P < 0.05). Based on Pearson’s correlation coefficient, within the PCOS group a significant, negative linear relationship among vitamin D3 level and body mass index is existing (P < 0.05). In women with a hormonal disorder of PCOS, vitamin D3 could have a critical role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
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