Abstract : Youth mental health needs are a growing concern in both developed and developing nations. Studies show that resource-poor countries, like India, have additional challenges of low awareness about mental disorders, stigma, and scarcity of mental health professionals. For university students, mental health problems may be even more prevalent, as recent research has found that university students experience significantly higher levels of psychological distress than the general population. It has been observed that young people experience difficulties in accessing mainstream mental health services particularly because of the stigma that remains associated with mental health problems. There is a lot of stigma attached to mental health problems especially in developing countries like India. Studies show that stigma is the main deterrent for seeking treatment in persons with mental health issues. Internet seems to be a promising alternative to face to face support for mental health problems among youth who don’t prefer traditional help-seeking services because of it’s larger outreach and the anonymity it provides. No published data exist for India or other developing countries in this regard. There is this urgent need to better understand how the use of the Internet for mental health problems impacts on young people’s medical consultations, and how much they trust it. The use of the internet for mental health information is a rather unexplored area in the developing world despite being one of the most frequently used sources for information worldwide..
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Abstract : Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is frequently used in conjunction with titanium implant placement. A key principle of GBR is the use of a membrane to prevent non-osteogenic tissues from interfering with bone regeneration. Membrane components have a variety of properties that can be modified as per the anatomic region. For experimental and clinical verification, a substantial majority of membranes have been introduced. This necessitates an update on membrane properties and biological outcomes, as well as a critical examination of the biological mechanisms dictating bone regeneration in membrane-covered defects. Experiment results indicate that modifying the physicochemical and mechanical properties of membranes may promote bone regeneration. Nonetheless, the precise role of membrane porosities in GBR membrane barrier function remains unknown. In addition, rather than being a passive barrier, novel experimental findings suggest that the membrane compartment itself plays an active role in promoting regenerative processes in the underlying defect during GBR. An important strategy in this field of research is the optimization of membrane materials by systematically addressing both the barrier and the bioactive properties..
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Abstract : Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neuropsychiatric status characterized by loss of hepatocyte function. The pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy is still unknown. Characterized by increased blood ammonia directly act as a neurotoxin in advanced liver disease. Alterations of brain metabolites, cerebral blood flow and release of more inflammatory cytokines directly infect brain tissue. The incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate are increased due to HE. The study aims to assess the laboratory and clinical features of chronic alcoholic patients compared with stages of hepatic encephalopathy. A total of 62 alcoholic patients were included in this study. We have recruited chronic alcoholic patients more than 18 years of age who were diagnosed based on clinical features of alcoholic liver cirrhosis (MELD scoring method). The mental status was assessed by using West Haven Criteria for grading mental status. The quantity of consumption of alcohol was 116.59±45.60 and 110.00±62.45 in the case of the middle and upper classes respectively. The ammonia levels were shown 37.11±3.14 and 93.20±7.02 in stage-0 and stage-4 of HE respectively. In the case of stage-4, we can observe the increased ammonia levels compared to stage-0 of HE. Furthermore in the case of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, ammonia levels are positively related to HE and Child-Pugh grade..
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Abstract : Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon type of adenocarcinoma that most usually affects the head and neck involving major and minor salivary glands. In past few years, ACC has been described in a variety of organs, such as the lacrimal gland and the female reproductive system. We describe three cases of ACC that presented in unusual sites involving breast, bartholin/s glands and external auditory canal along with a brief overview of literature. The confusing characteristic features of these lesions occurring in unusual sites and their indeterminate clinical course makes it mandatory to consider them in differential diagnosis of all malignant and benign lesions occurring in these sites. Special stains and immunohistochemical features of the lesion that can help differentiate these cancers from other commonly occurring cancers in these sites have also been discussed here..
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Abstract : Administering Inferior alveolar nerve block is a skill that requires good knowledge concerning the procedure and the dexterity of the performance. In the preclinical scenario, where the students are not yet exposed to manage the human subjects, practicing inferior alveolar nerve block even on simulations is a challenging skill to execute. Many dental students believe that they are insufficiently prepared for administering the injection due to lack of confidence in clinical identification of the anatomical landmark and point of insertion. To facilitate the students to appreciate the anatomical landmarks more precisely we propose the use of an efficient marking aid during their first injection training session. Such marking before administering injection enhances the anatomical knowledge of the students and hence increases the confidence level of students during the training..
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