Abstract : This retrospective cohort study aims to estimate the prevalence rate of Hepatitis B infected patients at the District Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. A total of 490 infected patients’ complete medical records were collected with the help of a standard prepared questionnaire containing demographic details, hepatic complaints, past and present illness, physical examination records and other diagnostic laboratory reports. All 490 collected medical records were analyzed using GraphPad Prism (Version 8.40). The Pearson chi-square test was used with confidence level = (95 %) and a statistically significant P-value <0.05 was considered. Of 490 medical records, 72 (14.69%) patients found positive for Hepatitis B infection, including male 39 (18.93%) and female 33 (11.61%). Patients were more prevalent 3 (25%) in the age of <10 years. The highest prevalence was reported in the month of November 9 (32.14%) followed by February 18 (24%). Similarly, the higher ratio of 20 (19.41%) of Hepatitis B was reported in 2020 as compared to the 2021 year 52 (13.43%). Moreover, the highest seropositivity of HBsAg has resulted via quantitative Real-Time PCR 29 (27.88%), followed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay 39 (5.66%), qualitative PCR were 03 (10%) and by Immune-chromatography test was only 1 (0.93%) specimen. The quantitative Real-Time PCR had higher sensitivity and seropositivity and was considered the best method for the diagnosis of Hepatitis B infection. It was concluded that individuals of these localities are highly burdened by hepatitis B viral infection which should devise proper preventive measures to reduce the risk of infection..
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Abstract : Biofilm producers causing apical periodontitis in orofacial cleft are the leading dental problem. Present study aimed to focusing Periapical tissue healing in endodontic therapy using Garcinia imbertiBourd. Rootcanal biofilm producers Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus sciuri were screened. Antibiofilm and Antivirulent study were conducted using ethyl acetate fraction of G imbertibourd leaves extract and its purified compound by in vitro method. Root canal model experiments with macrophage interaction in biofilm groups were conducted to study the healing effect of engineered bioactive silver nanoparticles (AgNp). According to MBIC, (MBIC50; 0.25 mg/ml) 60.6% and 61.25% of biofilm was inhibited at 12 and 24 h interval and Ethyl acetate fraction significantly (P<0.05) reduced biofilm growth (90.46%). EPS of E.faecalis biofilm (367.66 µg/ml) reduced after 24hrs (109.34 µg/ml), similarly in S. sciuri biofilm, the total EPS (387.67 µg/ml) was reduced in to 129.345 µg/ml after treatment. Plant extract along with antibiotics found to have promising anti biofilm activity. Also this extract showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols and saponins. AgNp treated biofilm group was found to reduce the proinflammatory markers (nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-6 IL-1β), as well as increased anti-inflammatory marker TGF-β1 Engineered AgNp concomitantly inhibited biofilm and rehabilitated the inflammatory response of macrophages that would promote healing. Ethyl acetate fraction of Garcinia imberti bourd found to have significant antibiofilm as well as antivirulence activity against E. faecalis and S. sciuri similarly, rootcanal modeled study concluded that synthesized AgNp helps to modify the microenvironment to be more conducive to periapical tissue healing..
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Abstract :

Chronic neck pain is common in both genders specially in bankers, software engineer’s factory workers, other computer and mobile users, they all are equally affected which is associated with a deficit and alteration of neck muscles proprioception that play a decisive role in cervical joint position, motor control of the head and postural stability. To compare the effectiveness of routine physical therapy with and without thoracic mobility exercises in the treatment of chronic neck pain. The method used for this study was Randomized clinical trial in which 41 patients in each group control group (Group A) and experimental group (Group B). Both genders were included of age 25-53 years and having neck pain more than 3 months. The patients with cervical radiculopathy, any history of Trauma, Surgery, Systemic diseases, Fractures, Congenital diseases and any dislocation were excluded in the study. Control group be given routine physical therapy and experimental group was to be given by routine physical therapy with thoracic mobility exercises. There are two groups A & B with 41&40 patients each.28 males and 13 females in group A and the mean age was 38.75±7.03 and 14 males and 26 females in group B and the mean age was 41.82±7.53. Group A received routine physical therapy and group B received routine physical therapy with thoracic mobility exercises. The patients received routine physical therapy with thoracic mobility exercises showed more effective results then patients received routine physical therapy. Neck disability index and visual analogue scales showed significant results. The study showed that the thoracic mobility exercises in patients with chronic neck pain with routine physical therapy have significant results as compared to routine physical therapy alone.

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Abstract : To investigate the effect of dexamethasone iontophoresis on pain and function in patients with sciatica. This study was conducted on thirty patients from both sexes with unilateral sciatica due to lumbar disc herniation at L4-L5 and /or L5-S1 level. Their ages ranged from 30 to 45 years. They were randomly assigned into two equal groups: the study group (GA) and the control group (GB). Group A (study group): this group received dexamethasone iontophoresis in addition to a selected physical therapy exercise program. Group B (control group): this group received a placebo dexamethasone iontophoresis in addition to the same selected physical therapy exercise program. Each patient was evaluated before and after four weeks of treatment by visual analogue scale (VAS), Straight leg raising test (SLR) and Modified Oswestry disability index (ODI) to assess the sciatic pain and function. There was a statistically significant decrease of the mean values of VAS and ODI in the study group compared to the control group post treatment (p=0.001 and p = 0.003 respectively). There was a significant improvement in SLR test results in study group compared to control group post treatment (p = 0.02). Dexamethasone iontophoresis has a significant effect on pain and function in patients with sciatica..
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Abstract : Prehypertension and hypertension in emerging as a global problem in children. Till today this was ignored or undiagnosed by health workers. These non-communicable disease has great impact on every countries economy. To study the prevalence of Prehypertension and Hypertension in rural and urban area School adolescence Students. Material and methodology: This is a Descriptive Cross-Sectional study done in Government School (Rural area) and Private school (Urban Area) of our taluka. All healthy school children in the age group 10 - 18 years of either gender who are willing to participate was included in this study. This cross-sectional study was conducted among Adolescent school children aged 10-18 years belonging to class V to X. Two schools -one Zilha Parishad (Government-Rural area) school and other CBSE pattern private (Urban area) school belonging to Ahmednagar district were selected. In this study, I have interviewed and examined total 1134 children from both the school. Out of 1134 students examined 108 students had Prehypertension (9.5%) and 35 finally diagnosed as a hypertensive (3%). The red signals of Prehypertension and hypertension in adolescent children warrants early detection and appropriate life-style modifications..
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